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Recommended Operating Velocity Limits: (See Technical Section)
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4-cycle |
4000 to 6000 FPM |
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2-cycle |
4000 to 6000 FPM |
| Low speed (< 350 RPM) | 4000 to 7000 FPM |
| Medium speed (350 to 1200 RPM) | 6000 to 9000 FPM |
| High speed (> 1200 RPM) | 8000 to 10,000 FPM |
| Turbo charged (All RPM’s) | 5000 to 10,000 FPM |
| Max. allowable | 12,000 FPM |
(Typical D.I.L. based on octave bands for each VANEC model available
on catalog cuts)
Engine Air Intake and Exhaust Noise
All internal combustion engines have high unsilenced noise levels that are broad band in nature but many have dominant frequencies based on the firing order, and engine cycle (2 vs 4) 2-cycle engines are normally less noisy than an equivalent horse power 4-cycle engine. In general the noise level increases with horsepower and RPM.
The major sources of engine noise in order of magnitude are:
Exhaust (including radiated sources such as expansion joints and pipes)
Intake (including turbo-charger, air filter, etc.)
Mechanical casing (radiated from the engine structure)
The engine manufacturer can provide intake and exhaust unsilenced noise data, or there are various empirical calculation methods available.
VANEC recommended flow velocity limits on intake and exhaust are listed, and are based on our years of experience. Optimum performance is achieved by restricting the sizing to this narrow range.
Silencer velocity is determined by the flow rate (ACFM), temperature, or engine displacement.
Large horsepower, low speed engines (i.e. 5000 HP, 400 RPM) frequently require a larger silencer than velocity and pressure drop optimization indicate. This is due to the pulsation effect on intake and exhaust piping. A "slug volume" analysis may be required (consult factory) to evacuate this condition.
Turbo-charged engines may require acoustic-lagging treatment of the piping to reduce radiated noise.
VANEC stocks several silencer sizes and styles for ™Ajax® engines.
The exhaust tailpipe when properly designed can provide additional insertion loss at the low frequencies and avoid "organ pipe" resonances. The optimum tail pipe length can be calculated, consult the factory for assistance.
Rain caps
Acoustic / Thermal jackets
Backfire relief covers
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